Laboratório de Tecnologia Educacional BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL               DE CIÊNCIAS

Esse trabalho é resultante de notas de aula da disciplina de sistemas de memória (ministrada por mim) do curso de pós-graduação em neuropsicologia na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Unicamp. Por ser voltado a um público heterogêneo, os tópicos foram abordados separadamente em um nível de complexidade acessível a um leitor não especialista. O texto traz definições sobre os sistemas de memória, o conteúdo emocional e suas implicações no comportamento, além da função do sono no processo de consolidação de memórias.

Apresentação de slides interativa sobre o sistema-tampão. A apresentação contém três simulações de experimento: (I) Adição de ácido fraco em solução tampão; (II) Adição de álcali forte em solução tampão e (III) Titulação de ácido fraco. Em cada experiento, é possível ver o comportamento do ácido acético.

A Mudança Climática Global, representa um dos maiores desafios da humanidade contemporânea, a qual sustenta seu grau de desenvolvimento graças as constantes emissões de CO2 e CH4, entre outros gazes contribuintes do Efeito Estufa, exigindo assim uma imediata mudança nos hábitos de consumo e comportamento de sociedades inteiras. Este trabalho, tem como proposta promover o levantamento de informações e ações que comprovem o sequestro de carbono atmosférico como estratégia de combate e redução ao Efeito Estufa.

13,5 cm. The male’s top of the head is black with a scarlet topknot. The body is red, with the upper parts brownish red. The female does not have a topknot and the upper parts are brown. Distribution: From the Guyanas to Argentina. Habitat: Secondary forests, cerrado and farms. Diet: Feeds on seeds and insects. Reproduction: When breeding lives in pairs and the male protects the territory. Builds a cup-like nest with leaves, lichens and spider webs. Lays 3 to 5 bluish or white eggs. Both male and female feed the offspring. Natural history: The male’s topknot can only be seen when it is excited. When not breeding lives in groups, sometimes mixing with other species. In dry ...

15cm Identification: it is one of the largest hummingbirds. It is easily identified by the forked tail, reminding a pair of scissors. Unmistakably Brazilian’s best known hummingbird, this magnificent animal is also one of the most belligerent ones. It fiercely defends its territory – usually consisting of a flowering patch – against other birds, especially the bananaquit ( Coereba flaveola ). It sucks sweet water from feeders even if these are place in the interior of the houses, fearlessly entering the rooms. Like other hummingbirds it feeds mostly on nectar but also on insects. The female lays 2 or 3 eggs in a small bow-shaped nest and feeds the nestlings mainly with arthropods.

19 cm. The body is brown, darker in the back and ferruginous in the tail. The ventral part is light brown. Distribution: Northeast, Mideast to South of Brazil, also in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia. Has been spreading its distribution along with deforestation. Habitat: Open landscapes, fields, cerrado, lawns and gardens. Diet: Mainly arthropods, sometimes seeds. Reproduction: The couple builds the nest with mud, manure and straw that they carry with their beaks and model with their feet. The nest is usually built on tall trees. Each year a new nest is built, sometimes over the previous ones (up to 11 nests one above the other). The nest has two divisions and the eggs...

40cm. Identification: its most typical characteristic is the long forked tail. The only species it can be confused with is the Fork-tailed Flycatcher ( Tyrannus savana ), which has the lower parts in white, the head in black and the long tail feathers are broader. Very little is known about this species although it is distributed throughout central and southern Brazil even in disturbed habitats. It is usually found alone or in pairs, near wetlands. This bird spends most of its time perched. Feeds mainly on flying insects that it hunts in short flights from the perch It seems to be seasonal, but the migration routes are mostly unknown.

44 cm. The tail is long and there is a topknot. The ventral region is white. The wings are dark brown with black and white streaks. Distribution: From the state of Amapá to Uruguay. Habitat: Open fields, cerrado and caating, also in landscapes modified by man. Diet: Feeds on arthropods and small vertebrates. Reproduction: The nest may be individual or collective. It is built about 5m from the ground. The female lays up to 7 eggs, but there may be more than 20 eggs in collective nests. In the collective nests there is great competition for food among the hatchlings and few them survive. Natural history: When perched it waves its tail, swinging the body in a way that some peop...

18,5 cm. The upper parts are greenish brown, the throat is white and the belly yellow. The tip of the tail is buffy. Male and female are similar. Distribution: From Venezuela to Argentina. Mideastern Brazil. Migrates seasonaly in southern Brazil. Habitat: Open fields, grasslands, grazing lands and parks in urban areas. Diet: Catches insects on the ground and sometimes in trees. Follows cattle to feed on insects displaced by its movement. Reproduction: Builds a nest made of branches about 4m from the ground. May use nests abandoned by the hornero (Furnarius rufus). The white eggs are incubated by the couple. Natural history: When on the ground runs for some meters then stops t...

The general coloration is light brown, yellow in some parts. The wings are dark brown and there is a small black region behind the eye. The immature individuals have lighter shades of brown in the wings and the chest is streaked in white. Distribution: From southern Amazon to Rio Grande do Sul. Habitat: Open areas, cerrado, caatinga, farms and urban areas. Diet: Feeds on ticks, insects, carrion, small rodents, birds, snakes, lizards and even fishes. Reproduction: The nest is a platform built on the top of tall trees. Natural history: This hawk is associated with cattle because of its behavior of climbing on the back of the cattle in search for ticks and other ectoparasites. It ...

25 cm. The upper parts are brown, the inferior light brown. There are white wingbars . The supercilium and the edging of the tail are white. Male and female are similar. Distribution: South of Amazon to Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: Open areas with some trees or scrubs, cerrado, caatinga (Brazilian scrubland) and urban areas. Diet: Feeds on insects and spiders caught on the ground. Also eats small fruits and seeds. Sometimes prey on other bird’s eggs. Reproduction: The nest is built about 1,5m from the ground on a small tree or scrub. The external part is made of thick branches and the interior of thin roots and grass. It may have up to four broods a year, eac...

18cm Unlike the Red-crested Cardinal ( Paroaria coronata ) the Red-cowled Cardinal does not have a crest and the absence of black patches on the head and throat distinguishes this from the other Brazilian cardinals. This bird is endemic to the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region called ``Caatinga´´ where it is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful songbirds. Its beaty often costs its freedom as thousands of these birds are captured in the wild to be kept as cage birds. There is large illegal traffic of these birds throughout Brazil and even to other countries. Several specimens, and even established breeding populations have been reported considerably far from its original distrib...

60 cm. The tail is very long. The general color is reddish brown. The tail feathers are pale in their tips and in the inferior side. The head has a lighter coloration. The chest is gray. The young individuals have shorter tails. Distribution: From Mexico to Argentina. Habitat: Lives in the canopy of secondary forests, cerrado and urban areas with plenty of trees. Diet: Feeds on grasshoppers, bugs, caterpillars, spiders, etc. Also feeds on small vertebrates as treefrogs. Reproduction: In the breeding season the male sings restlessly 96 times a minute. Before mating gives the female a caterpillar. The nest looks like a frying pan made of loosely crossed branches and is placed in a tall...

12,5 cm. The male’s upper parts are dark gray. The face and a ribbon around the neck (the collar) are black. The posterior part of the throat, the belly and a narrow band around the eye are white, sometimes buffy. The color of the beak varies individually. The female and the Young males are brown with the inferior parts lighter. Distribution: From Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, Uruguay, Argentina to Peru. Habitat: Grasslands, crops. They sleep in tall grass and sugar cane crops were they may bend the stems with their weight. Diet: Feeds on grains. Follows the expansion of seed producing grasses, thus invading new areas as the Distrito Federal. Frequently eats arthropods such as insect...

11,5cm. Identification: there is no other Brazilian species like this bird, at least not in urban and disturbed areas. Formerly all the house wren populations ranging from Canada to Chile were considered as a single species, but after several studies the populations south to Mexico were renamed as the Tropical House Wren (Troglodytes musculus ). This hyperactive bird hops non-stop on the ground in search for the small invertebrates it feeds on, reminding a mouse (musculus = mouse ). It only perches to rest or to sing. Its song is very complex and melodic, like other well known members of the Troglodytidae family. It is famous for the breeding behavior, as this bird may nest in the mos...

53 cm. It is a beautiful heron with the upper parts grayish blue, the neck and the ventral region brownish yellow. The face is blue. Distribution: Open areas from Colombia to Argentina. Habitat: Unlike other herons it may be found very far from the water, thriving in open fields and only occasionally in wetlands. Diet: Feeds on mollusks, amphibians, lizards and insects, mainly grasshoppers. Hunts on the ground revolving the earth and grass with its beak. Reproduction: The courtship is very complex, beginning with displays of the male on the ground and then in the air. The nest is very simple and is built on tall trees. Lays 2 to 4 bluish grey eggs. Natural history: It is often...

18cm. Identification: may be confused with two other species from the same genus, the White Monjita ( Xolmis irupero ), which is almost totally white, apart from the black wings and tail, and the Grey Monjita ( Xolmis cinerea ), which has the head and upper parts in darker grey. Thus the White-rumped Monjita presents a kind of intermediate color pattern between these two species. Typical of open fields, this bird spends most of its time perched on isolated trees, light posts and fences. It feeds mainly on flying insects it catches in short flights, returning to the perch afterwards and also takes small berries. Very little is known about its behavior. It is certainly migratory, b...

A criopreservação de sêmen é uma tecnologia de grande impacto na industria agropecuária, principalmente na bovinocultura. Entretanto, o grande sucesso do congelamento de sêmen bovino não tem sido atingido na espécie eqüina. Existe uma série de fatores que limitam sua utilização em inseminação artificial (IA), dentre eles o menor potencial fertilizante do sêmen criopreservado. A análise do sêmen é um procedimento rotineiro na avaliação do potencial fertilizante de um reprodutor. Porém, há controvérsia não só em relação à importância dos vários parâmetros do espermiograma na predição de fertilidade, mas também sobre os conceitos de subfertilidade, infertilidade e fertilidade ótima. O o...

RESUMO Esta pesquisa intitula-se: O ensino de Biologia Celular em uma escola pública estadual de ensino médio do município de Igarassu em Pernambuco e teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as repercussões das aulas práticas vivenciadas em laboratório na aprendizagem dos conteúdos da Biologia Celular pelos alunos. Pesquisadores como Bueno (2008); Cooper (2000); Junqueira e Carneiro (2005); Amabis e Mathos (1998); Amabis (2001); Ausubel (1980), Barbieri (1982), Bizzo (2004, 2007), entre outros auxiliam teoricamente esse estudo, apoiando-o bibliograficamente. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma apresentação da caracterização da área em estudo. Em seguida, foi feita uma abordagem sobre...

O podcast em questão aborda o mimetismo em borboletas, que consiste em uma estratégia evolutiva que muitas espécies utilizam para se proteger e garantir sua sobrevivência e reprodução. Ao longo do podcast descobriremos o que define o mimetismo, quais são seus tipos, qual a diferença entre mimetismo e camuflagem e exploraremos os padrões de cores, de formas e de comportamentos que as borboletas exibem para enganar seus predadores.