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Physical appearance: 26 cm. The upper parts are green, somewhat yellow, barred in black. The inferior parts are buffy or white, also barred. The tail and the top of the head are black. The male has a red spot below the eye while in the female this spot is black. Distribution: From Eastern Amazon to Uruguay and Argentina. Habitat: Forest borders, gallery and secondary forests, woods and parks in cities. Diet: Feeds on ants and insect larva, mainly beetles. Also eats fruits. Reproduction: After courtship the couple builds a nest inside an old tree, sometimes palm trees and others. The nest is generally downwards, avoiding the water when it rains. Two to four eggs are laid and the ...

10 cm. It is very small, smaller than a sparrow. The feet are relatively big. The back and wings are brown and the ventral part white barred in black. The forehead of the male is red, while the female’s is black with white dots. In the immature the head is all brown. Can be told apart from the White-Barred Piculet ( Picumnus cirratus ) for having an ochraceous region around the neck and for being darker, mainly on the upper parts. Distribution: Southeastern Brazil and spread southwards up to Argentina. Habitat: Forest edges, gallery and secondary forests, woods, parks and gardens in big cities. Diet: Feeds mainly on ants larvae and pupae, but also on other insects. Reproduction: ...

Length: 9,5cm Identification: the back is bright green, the tail and part of the wings are dark blue. The throat and the chest is sapphire-blue. The belly is white and there is a white line splitting the chest. The two sexes look alike. It is one of the main pollinators of several plant species, including some introduced ones. It is territorialist and visit the flowering patches at predictable times. It explores even the lowest flowers. This hummingbird usually explores feeders where it fights against the bananaquits ( Coereba flaveola ) and the swallow-tailed hummingbird ( Eupetomena macroura ). The bow-shaped nest usually shelters two eggs.

28cm Identification: easily told apart from other woodpeckers for the black and white pattern, being the wings and the tail black. There is a yellow region on the face. It lives in noisy groups of 3 to 8 individuals. As other woodpeckers the diet is based on insects that it catches hammering tree trunks. The nest is built by the couple in a natural tree hole or a carved one. The female lays 3 or 4 eggs. The young birds leave the nest within about 35 days.

White-spotted Woodpecker 18cm. Identification: it is a small woodpecker with drab colors. The body is brown, heavily spotted and barred in darker shades of brown and with some white spots below. The male has reddish regions in the head. Very little is known about this woodpecker, probably due to its inconspicuous colors and behavior. It lives in areas with plenty of trees as parks, woods and secondary forests. This woodpecker occurs mainly in the medium and higher forest levels, rarely coming to the ground. Like other woodpeckers it feeds on insects it collects from tree trunks and also on berries.

Picture taked at the rural area of the municipal district of Altônia-PR in 08/27/2006.

O podcast aborda sobre o mundo da Botânica Forense, onde as plantas se tornam peças-chave na resolução de crimes. É entrevistada a Dra. Florência Salgueiro, que conta sobre um caso emblemático, o de Mércia Nakashima em São Paulo e como a botânica desvendou segredos cruciais nesse enigma.

O infográfico e o ilustração retratam a biodiversidade e a sua preservação, no qual tem como objetivo defender a importância das natureza e a sua preservação. Admitindo que as ações do homem são devastadoras para as florestas.

12,5 cm. The general color is green, but the male has a bright blue area in the wings and lower back. The female does not have this blue area and the belly is somewhat yellow. There may be mutations producing all yellow or blue individuals. The plumage of the immature individuals is not as bright as the adult’s. Distribution: Tropical South America. Habitat: Forest borders, gallery forests, parks, gardens and open areas. Diet: Feeds on fruits, seeds, buds and flowers. Reproduction: It is monogamous. The couple stays together for the rest of their lives. The nest is built inside a hole in a tree that may be an abandoned nest of hornero (Furnarius rufus) or an artificial nest box. ...

24cm In urban areas there is only one other species of owl about the same size of the Screech Owl, that is the Burrowing Owl ( Athene cunicularia ), but while the Burrowing Owl is a diurnal species which lives mostly in open areas and spends most of the time on the ground, the Screech Owl lives on trees and has a pair of ``ears´´. The song reminds that of the Rococo Toad ( Bufo ictericus ). The Screech Owl feeds mainly on large insects but may also take mice, frogs and lizards. The nest is built in tree holes or in artificial boxes.

16cm. Identification: The male is practically unmistakably recognized for the fully barred body and a black crest in the head. The female is ferruginous and has a crest and is barred in the head. It is currently the only antshrike which lives in really urban and disturbed areas. It is worth reminding that this bird has only recently conquered the urban environment. In the early 80s the first records of this antshrike in large cities were so unexpected that they yielded notes in scientific papers. Like other antshrikes it lives in couples, leaping and flying from branch to branch, usually through the short trees’ canopy in search for the small arthropods it feeds on. In the breeding seas...

24cm. Identification: it is the only Brazilian thrush with reddish belly. It is the Brazilian Symbol Bird and this title has recently been given for its strong presence in the country’s popular culture, especially in poetry and music. Although it is distributed throughout Brazil (except from the Amazon region ) it is more common near the coastline as it prefers moist environments. This thrush lives in farms, forest edges and is especially common in urban parks, being one of the most typical birds in some of Southeastern Brazil largest cities. The very beautiful song is very variable, even at the individual level.The real song can only be heard in the spring, the breeding season when th...

32 cm. The body is green. There is a red and yellow area below the wings. There is a pale area around the eye. The male’s body and beak are stronger than the female’s. The beak is light brown in the immature individuals. Distribution: From the Guyanas to Argentina. Habitat: Forest borders, cerrado, woods and parks in cities. Diet: Feeds on buds, leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits and sometimes insects. Reproduction: Builds a nest inside holes in trees or rocks, witnessed by the author building a nest inside a hole in the old wall of a building. Lays three or four white eggs, incubated by the female that is fed by the male during this period. The couple feeds the brood. May learn some...

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Árvore até 8m; extremidade dos ramos glabra, cilíndrica, levemente estriada; folha simples, alterna, espiralada, estípula pequena, triangular, caduca, pecíolo estriado, 2 X 0,2cm, glabro, nigrescente no material seco, lâmina oblongo-elíptica, ápice acuminado, base atenuada a arredondada, 16-24 X 6,5-9cm, margem inteira, cartácea a subcoriácea, venação camptódroma, 9-11 pares de nervuras secundárias, inconspícuas, venação terciária paralela, perpendicular à nervura central, glabra, verde-acinzentada no material seco.

Árvore até 6m; extremidade dos ramos glabra, levemente estriada; folha simples, oposta, sem estípula, pecíolo canaliculado, 1,5 X 0,1cm, glabro, lâmina elíptica, ápice longo-acuminado, base cuneada a atenuada, 8-15 X 4-5cm, margem com denticulada, espaçados, membranácea a subcartácea, venação acródroma, 1 par de nervura secundária, mais conspícua na face abaxial, venação terciária paralela, pouco conspícua, nervura marginal ca. 0,1cm da margem, glabra, face abaxial discolor, verde no material seco; inflorescência dicásio, flores cálice verde, corola branca; cápsula, 0,8 X 0,7cm, glabra.

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Árvore até 3m; extremidade dos ramos denso-longo-estrelada; folha simples, oposta, sem estípula, pecíolo canaliculado, 3 X 0,3cm, denso-estrelado, lâmina elíptica, ápice agudo a acuminado, base cuneada às vezes levemente assimétrica, 19-27 X 8-10,5cm, margem denticulada, ciliada, membranácea, venação acródroma, 2 pares de nervuras secundárias, mais conspícuas na face abaxial, venação terciária paralela, conspícua na abaxial, face adaxial com tricomas simples e estrigosos, abaxial com tricomas longos-estrelados e simples, adensando nas nervuras; fruto baga globosa, denso-estrelada, imatura, verde no material seco. ...

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Arvoreta até 6m; extremidade dos ramos tomentosa, nós geniculados; folha simples, alterna, dística, estípula inconspícua, pecíolo canaliculado, 0,8 X 0,1cm, tomentuloso, lâmina elíptica ou ovada, ápice acuminado, base assimétrica, 18 X 8cm, margem inteira, subcartácea, venação camptódroma, 3-4 pares de nervuras secundárias, conspícuas na face abaxial, emergindo na metade até 2/3 da lâmina, venação terciária paralela, conspícua na face abaxial, face adaxial glabra, abaxial tomentulosa, tricomas mais concentrados nas nervuras, áspera ao toque; espiga oposta à folha, verde, 11 X 0,5cm, glabra.

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Árvore até 8m; extremidade dos ramos descamante, estriada, glabra, folhas concentradas no ápice; folha simples, oposta, estípula interpeciolar, triangular, 0,5cm compr., coléteres envolvendo a região basal interna das estípulas, pecíolo canaliculado, 2 X 0,2cm, glabro, lâmina elíptica a amplo-oboval, ápice acuminado, às vezes caudado, base atenuada, 20 X 12cm, margem inteira, membranácea, a sub-cartácea, venação camptódroma, 7 pares de nervuras secundárias conspícuas, primeiro par geralmente oposto saindo próximo da base, discolores na face abaxial, venação terciária conspícua na abaxial, face adaxial glabra, abaxial glabrescen...

As clorofilas são os pigmentos que dão a cor verde às plantas elas não são solúveis em água e são mais instáveis em pH ácido, portanto podem ser extraídas usando um solvente orgânico como a acetona ou o metanol, e separadas através de cromatografia em papel. A separação é possível dada à diferença no número de grupos polares entre as clorofilas a e b: A fórmula molecular da clorofila a é C55H72N4O5Mg, e a da clorofila b C55H70N4O6Mg