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Brazilian Duck ( Amazonetta brasiliensis )

Physical appearance: 40 cm. The feet are red and webbed. The chest is brown, as well as the face that is a bit darker. There is a patch of iridescent feathers in the wings. When flying it shows a large white spot at the back of the wing. The male has a red beak and the female’s is blue. The Female also has white spots on the face. Distribution: From Venezuela to Argentina. Habitat: Wetlands, lakes, ponds and rivers even in polluted places. Diet: Feeds on seeds, leaves and small invertebrates. The hatchlings are goot at catching insects. Reproduction: Lays up to 14 bluish or greenish eggs. When the adult realizes the presence of a potential predator it distracts its attention...

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  • Note: Nota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteira
  • Downloads: 452
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Green-backed, Striated or Little Heron ( Butorides striata (triatus) )

Physical appearance: 36 cm. The legs are short and yellow. The body is predominantly grey, darker in the back. The top of the head is black. The immature is striated and brownish. Distribution: American Continent, Africa, Asia, Australia and islands in the Pacific. Habitat: Rivers, lakes and mangroves of different sizes. Diet: Aquatic insects, mollusks, amphibians, reptiles and fish. Reproduction: The nest is a platform on the top of tall trees. Lays three eggs. Natural history: Solitary and migratory. There are saw-like structures inside the beak to help holding slippery food. May be eaten by carnivorous fish such as the trahiras (Hoplias sp.) when walking on flooded land....

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Little Nightjar ( Caprimulgus parvulus )

Length: 20cm Identification: nightjars are always very difficult to identify as they are nocturnal birds, rarely seen during the day due to their camouflage. On the other hand there are few species inhabitting urban areas and among these the little nightjar is usually the smallest and with the lightest color pattern. Distribution: it is distributed through all the South American countries east to the Andes. Habitat: occurs in a wide range of ecosystems, but is specially common in forest edges surrounded by crops and wetlands. This nightjar spends the whole day quiet and very well camouflaged on the ground and thus is rarely seen at daylight. It only flies during the day ...

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Fulvous Tree-Duck ( Dendrocygna bicolor )

48cm Identification: the body is mostly cinnamon with dark streaks on the wings. It may be locally the commonest duck, especially in Southern Brazil wetlands, where its hunting is allowed provided the state’s quotas are respected. Regarding its habitat this species tends occur in open wetlands, surrounded by grasslands. Feeds mainly by grazing small grasses on the lake shores or underwater but also eats aquatic plants, aquatic insects and small fish. It may build the nest either in a tree hole or on the aquatic plants. The female lays from 8 to 14 eggs that are sat for about one month. The offspring start to fly within 55 days after hatching.

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White-tailed Kite ( Elanus leucurus )

35cm Identification: when seen from below its body is basically white with the tip of the wings and a region around the eyes black. There is a gray area on the upper parts of the wings. Its color pattern reminds that of some seagulls. The name in Portuguese – Gavião Peneira – means hovering hawk and it is due to the behavior of hovering before diving onto the prey. It is certainly one of the most beautiful hawks found in urban areas. It flies over open areas, pastures, crops and even on the banks of polluted streams in search for rats. This kite feeds mainly on large insects such as grasshoppers and beetles and on small rodents and lizards. The nest, made of twigs, is built on iso...

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Masked Water Tyrant ( Fluvicola nengeta )

15 cm. The body is white with a band around the eye, the wing and the tail black. Distribution: From Northeastern Brazil to São Paulo. It is currently spreading its distribution southwards. Habitat: Lives in riverbanks, muddy places near lakes and ponds. Diet: Feeds mainly on arthropods, sometimes small fruits. Reproduction: The male exhibits himself standing on the body and opening the tail and the wings. The nest is spherical with a lateral entrance. It is built on small trees above the water. The white eggs are incubated by the female. Natural history: Runs on the aquatic plants, catching insects among them. Attacks other birds that enter its territory. Some people and eve...

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Chalk-browed Mockingbird ( Mimus saturninus )

25 cm. The upper parts are brown, the inferior light brown. There are white wingbars . The supercilium and the edging of the tail are white. Male and female are similar. Distribution: South of Amazon to Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: Open areas with some trees or scrubs, cerrado, caatinga (Brazilian scrubland) and urban areas. Diet: Feeds on insects and spiders caught on the ground. Also eats small fruits and seeds. Sometimes prey on other bird’s eggs. Reproduction: The nest is built about 1,5m from the ground on a small tree or scrub. The external part is made of thick branches and the interior of thin roots and grass. It may have up to four broods a year, eac...

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Night Heron ( Nycticorax nycticorax )

60 a 70 cm. The top of the head, the back and the wings are black and the other parts of the body are mostly grey. The immature is brown and striated. Distribution: All over the world, except from the poles and Australia. Habitat: Slow flowing rivers, lakes, reservoirs and swamps. Diet: Aquatic insects, mollusks, crustaceans, fish, amphibians and reptiles. May also eat carrion and rests of food fallen from other bird’s nests, including dead hatchlings. Reproduction: Breeds in colonies together with other species of herons. The nests are built from 1 to 7m from the ground or water. Lays two or three bluish green or buffy eggs. Natural history: During most of the day it rests...

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Pauraque Nighthawk ( Nyctidromus albicollis )

30cm Members of the Caprimulgidae family are very difficult to tell apart. The best clues to recognize the Pauraque are its very typical song and the fact that it is one of the few nighthawks to get so close to urban areas. The Pauraque spends the whole day quietly sat on the ground, so well camouflaged that it is almost impossible to see. It remains quiet when approached, but when you are too close the bird flies in a fast zig-zag, and lands few meters away. It is curious to notice that even landing close it is difficult to see. The eggs are laid directly on the ground and have an earthy color. The Pauraque can be easily seen on dirt tracks at night, when its eyes reflect the cars’...

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Neotropic Cormorant ( Phalacrocorax ( brasilianus ) olivaceus )

75 cm. Aquatic with narrow beak curved in the tip. The feet are webbed. The body is black and sometimes the throat is yellow. In the breeding season the male has some white feathers in the throat and ear region. The immature is fuliginous. Distribution: From Mexico to Southern South America Habitat: Lives in lakes, swamps and estuaries. Diet: Feeds on fish, even spiny ones. The gastric acids dissolve the spines. Reproduction: The nest is built on tall trees near lakes, sometimes mixing with heron flocks. Natural history: It is an excellent diver. When in flocks may pen fish schools, leading them to shallow water where they catch the fishes in frenzy. When it goes out of the wate...

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  • Note: Nota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteiraNota vazia
  • Downloads: 442
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Rough-winged Swallow ( Stelgidopteryx ruficollis )

14 cm. The legs, beak and the neck are short. The throat is red, contrasting with the fuliginous sides of the head, the back and the chest that is lighter. The belly is pale yellow. The last feather of the male’s wing is rough. Distribution: From Panama to Argentina. Migrates in the south. Habitat: Open landscapes and cities, generally near the water. Diet: Feeds on insects it catches when flying. Reproduction: Builds a nest digging holes in slopes, sometimes in colonies. Lays three to six white eggs. The couple sleeps together in the nest, but only the female incubates. The couple takes turns to feed the brood. When the offspring leave the nest they remain nearby for some ...

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Great Egret ( Ardea alba ( ex Casmerodius albus )

91cm. The neck and the legs are thin and long. All white, but with iris, beak and legs yellow. Distribution: Throughout the world. Habitat: Lakes, rivers, ponds, reservoirs, swamps, mangroves, estuaries and even polluted rivers. Diet: Eats fishes, amphibians, insects. The author witnessed an egret catching and eating a mouse in a riverbank in Campinas-SP. Reproduction: Breeding takes place generally in the end of the dry season, when the food supply is more abundant for this species. During this period the adults have the egrets that are long feathers used in the courtship. The breeding couples gather in nesting sites that may have hundreds of individuals, sometimes mixing with o...

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Quiina glaziovii Engl.

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Árvore até 6m; extremidade dos ramos glabra, achatada; folha simples, oposta, estípula interpeciolar, foliácea, 3 X 1cm, elíptica a elíptico-ovada, pecíolo canaliculado, 0,8 X 0,3cm, glabro, avermelhado no material seco, lâmina elíptico-oboval, ápice agudo a acuminado, base cuneada, 24 X 7,5-12cm, margem algo revoluta, limbo ondulado, cartácea, venação camptódroma, ca. 25 pares de nervuras secundárias, conspícuas, paralelas, espaçadas 1-1,5cm, venação terciária inconspícua, glabra, faces brilhantes no material seco.

Distribuição: Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná e Santa Catarina rara ao l...

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Ilex theezans Mart. ex Reissek

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Árvore até 9m; extremidade dos ramos levemente quadrangular, estriada, glabra; folha simples, alterna, espiralada, estípula caduca, pecíolo estriado, 2 X 0,2cm, glabro, lâmina oboval, ápice arredondado, curto-cuspidado, ou retuso, base atenuada, 15 x 5,5cm, margem inteira, revoluta, cartácea, venação camptódroma, nervura central saliente, na face abaxial, em direção ao pecíolo, 7 pares de nervuras secundárias, pouco conspícuas, venação terciária formando retículo, pouco conspícuo, glabra, face adaxial brilhante no material seco. Utilizado como substituto como erva-mate, madeira boa para construção de piano.

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Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K.Schum.

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Árvore até 5,5m; extremidade dos ramos achatada, levemente estriada, tomentulosa a glabrescente, gema apical com tricomas; folha simples, oposta, estípula interpeciolar, triangular, 0,7cm compr., coléteres envolvendo a região basal, interna das estípulas, pecíolo estriado, 2 X 0,2cm, glabrescente, lâmina elíptica, oboval-elíptica, ápice agudo a acuminado, base atenuada, 14,5 X 5,5cm, margem inteira, levemente ondulada no material seco, tricomas esparsos, membranácea, venação camptódroma, 7 pares de nervuras secundárias, conspícuas, paralelas, espaçadas ca. 1cm, venação terciária formando retículo, mais conspícuo na face abaxial...

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  • Note: Nota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteiraNota inteiraNota metade
  • Downloads: 103
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ÓLEO RESIDUAL DE FRITURAS: ANÁLISE DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS, ABORDAGEM SÓCIO-EDUCACIONAL E PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE BIODIESEL E SABÃO

A energia, no panorama mundial atual, tornou-se uma peça essencial para o crescimento dos países. Grande parte da energia utilizada emana de fontes fósseis, principalmente do petróleo, portanto, tornam-se cada vez mais significativas as pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novas fontes alternativas de energia, realçando a preocupação com os parâmetros sustentáveis. Assim como há uma preocupação com a escassez do petróleo e com o desenvolvimento de alternativas sustentáveis para produção de energia, observa-se também outro problema que aflige a todos: o aquecimento global e seus impactos no clima, no bem-estar e saúde dos seres vivos. O aquecimento global é um fenômeno natural do planeta, mas vem...

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  • Downloads: 2.413
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Biologia: Aulas Práticas

Prezado professor, Este livro tem a finalidade de auxiliá-lo em seu trabalho com os alunos. Preparamos 23 atividades práticas, que abordam temas importantes de biologia e que enriquecerão ainda mais seu planejamento didático. Os temas de biologia aqui tratados são discutidos com enfoque no cotidiano do aluno e sempre que possível encontram-se vinculados a importantes questões, como por exemplo, destino apropriado do lixo e reciclagem. As atividades apresentadas neste livro permitem o desenvolvimento de pensamento crítico e compreensão de fenômenos da natureza de forma ativa, utilizando materiais simples e facilmente encontrados no comércio. Algumas atividades requerem uso de microscópio, que...

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Desmistificando o senso-comum evolutivo: o Homem e o Macaco

O podcast aqui produzido visa à desmistificação -- embasada por explicações científicas e pelo método científico -- da frequente pergunta e entendimento quanto à Evolução: afinal, o Homem veio ou não do macaco? Como os macacos ainda existem? A Teoria Evolutiva tem brechas ou é apenas deturpada pelo senso-comum e didáticas falhas?

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